Holding Company Operating Agreement Template for Germany

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Key Requirements PROMPT example:

Holding Company Operating Agreement

"I need a Holding Company Operating Agreement for a family-owned real estate group establishing a new holding company in March 2025, with three subsidiaries and specific provisions for succession planning and minority shareholder protection."

Document background
The Holding Company Operating Agreement is a fundamental document used when establishing or restructuring a holding company structure under German law. It serves as the primary governance document that defines how the holding company will operate, manage its subsidiaries, and interact with its shareholders. This agreement is particularly crucial in the German legal context, where corporate structures must comply with specific statutory requirements under the GmbH-Gesetz or Aktiengesetz. The document typically comes into play during company formation, corporate restructuring, or when multiple investors or family members consolidate their business interests. It addresses key aspects such as corporate governance, shareholder rights, profit distribution, share transfers, and subsidiary management, while incorporating specific German legal requirements for holding company structures.
Suggested Sections

1. Parties: Identification of the holding company and all shareholders/members

2. Background: Context of the agreement's formation and purpose of the holding company

3. Definitions: Key terms used throughout the agreement

4. Formation and Purpose: Legal establishment details and primary objectives of the holding company

5. Share Capital and Contributions: Structure of share capital, types of shares, and contribution requirements

6. Management Structure: Composition and responsibilities of management bodies (Geschäftsführung)

7. Shareholders' Rights and Obligations: Detailed rights, responsibilities, and obligations of shareholders

8. Shareholders' Meetings: Procedures for conducting shareholders' meetings and voting rights

9. Transfer of Shares: Rules and restrictions regarding the transfer of company shares

10. Financial Matters: Financial management, profit distribution, and accounting principles

11. Corporate Governance: Governance structure and decision-making processes

12. Reporting and Information Rights: Requirements for financial and operational reporting

13. Confidentiality: Protection of company and shareholder confidential information

14. Term and Termination: Duration of the agreement and termination procedures

15. Dispute Resolution: Procedures for resolving conflicts between parties

16. Governing Law: Specification of German law as governing law and jurisdiction

Optional Sections

1. Subsidiary Management: Specific provisions for managing subsidiary companies, used when the holding company has existing subsidiaries

2. Investment Strategy: Guidelines for future investments and acquisitions, included when the holding company plans active investment activities

3. Group Financing: Rules for intra-group financing and cash management, relevant for groups with multiple subsidiaries

4. Intellectual Property Rights: Management of IP rights across the group, important for technology or brand-focused groups

5. Employee Matters: Group-wide employment policies and shared services, needed for larger groups with significant workforce

6. Competition and Non-Compete: Restrictions on competitive activities, relevant when shareholders have other business interests

7. Exit Strategy: Procedures for company sale or IPO, included when future exit is contemplated

8. Tag-Along and Drag-Along Rights: Special share transfer rights, important for companies with multiple shareholders

9. Deadlock Resolution: Specific procedures for resolving management deadlocks, crucial for companies with equal shareholders

Suggested Schedules

1. Schedule 1: Initial Shareholders and Shareholdings: Detailed list of all shareholders and their initial share ownership

2. Schedule 2: Articles of Association: Complete articles of association (Gesellschaftsvertrag)

3. Schedule 3: Business Plan: Initial business plan and strategic objectives

4. Schedule 4: Subsidiary List: List of all subsidiary companies and ownership structure

5. Schedule 5: Reserved Matters: List of decisions requiring special majority or unanimous approval

6. Schedule 6: Management Structure Chart: Organizational chart showing management structure

7. Schedule 7: Initial Officers: List of initial directors and officers

8. Appendix A: Share Transfer Procedures: Detailed procedures and forms for share transfers

9. Appendix B: Valuation Methods: Agreed methods for company and share valuation

10. Appendix C: Group Policies: Key corporate policies and procedures

Authors

Alex Denne

Head of Growth (Open Source Law) @ Genie AI | 3 x UCL-Certified in Contract Law & Drafting | 4+ Years Managing 1M+ Legal Documents | Serial Founder & Legal AI Author

Relevant legal definitions
Clauses
Relevant Industries

Financial Services

Investment Management

Real Estate

Manufacturing

Technology

Healthcare

Energy

Retail

Infrastructure

Professional Services

Industrial Conglomerates

Private Equity

Family Offices

Telecommunications

Transportation and Logistics

Relevant Teams

Legal

Corporate Governance

Finance

Executive Management

Board of Directors

Compliance

Corporate Development

Treasury

Tax

Risk Management

Investor Relations

Strategy

Company Secretariat

Corporate Communications

Relevant Roles

Chief Executive Officer

Chief Financial Officer

General Counsel

Corporate Secretary

Managing Director

Board Member

Head of Legal

Investment Director

Corporate Governance Officer

Compliance Officer

Risk Manager

Group Controller

Treasury Manager

Shareholder Relations Manager

Corporate Development Director

Strategy Director

Tax Director

Group Financial Controller

Industries
German Limited Liability Companies Act (GmbH-Gesetz): Fundamental law governing the formation, organization, and operation of German limited liability companies, which is a common legal form for holding companies
German Stock Corporation Act (Aktiengesetz - AktG): Essential legislation for stock corporations, particularly relevant if the holding company is structured as an AG, including provisions for corporate governance and shareholder rights
German Commercial Code (Handelsgesetzbuch - HGB): Contains general provisions for all commercial enterprises, including accounting rules and financial reporting requirements
German Civil Code (Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch - BGB): Provides the basic legal framework for contracts and legal relationships between parties
German Corporate Groups Law (Konzernrecht): Specific provisions within the Stock Corporation Act dealing with corporate groups, controlling relationships, and protection of minority shareholders
German Transformation Act (Umwandlungsgesetz - UmwG): Regulates corporate reorganizations, mergers, and transformations which may be relevant for holding company structures
German Commercial Register Ordinance (Handelsregisterverordnung - HRV): Governs the registration requirements and procedures for companies in the commercial register
German Corporate Income Tax Act (Körperschaftsteuergesetz - KStG): Contains specific tax provisions for corporations, including holding company privileges and group taxation
EU Directive on Parent-Subsidiary Companies (2011/96/EU): European legislation affecting taxation of parent-subsidiary relationships within the EU, relevant for international holding structures
German Corporate Governance Code (Deutscher Corporate Governance Kodex): Provides recommendations for good corporate governance, particularly relevant for larger holding companies
Teams

Employer, Employee, Start Date, Job Title, Department, Location, Probationary Period, Notice Period, Salary, Overtime, Vacation Pay, Statutory Holidays, Benefits, Bonus, Expenses, Working Hours, Rest Breaks,  Leaves of Absence, Confidentiality, Intellectual Property, Non-Solicitation, Non-Competition, Code of Conduct, Termination,  Severance Pay, Governing Law, Entire Agreemen

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